IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS, BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc

IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS, BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc Английский

IF and WHEN

When can replace if in zero conditionals:

If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.When you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

In the other types of conditionals, we cannot use when instead of if.

EVEN IF

Even if emphasises that something will happen, would happen or would have happened whatever the condition:

Even if we leave right now, we still won’t catch the train.
I wouldn’t go into the water even if I could swim.Even if we had booked our flight earlier, it wouldn’t have been cheaper.

ONLY IF

Only if makes the condition more restrictive:

Acetaminophen is dangerous to children only if dosage is too high.

If the if-clause is first, the subject and the auxiliary in the main clause are inverted:

Only if you like classical music is it worth coming tonight.

SO/AS LONG AS, PROVIDING/PROVIDED (THAT)

So/As long as and providing/provided (that) can be used instead of if to express a condition. Note that providing/provided (that) is a bit formal:

You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.Provided/Providing (that) the bills are paid, tenants will not be evicted.

SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING, WHAT IF

Suppose/supposing and what if can replace if, mainly in everyday conversation, and are often used without a main clause:

Suppose/supposing you won the lottery, what would you do?Suppose/supposing you can’t find a job?What if you are not accepted to university? What will you do then?

UNLESS

My leg’s broken. I can’t stand up unless you help me. (I can’t stand up if you don’t help me.)

IF IT WEREN’T FOR / IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR, BUT FOR

We can make the if-clause shorter by omitting the subject and the verb be:

If (you are) in doubt, consult a dictionary.

In certain idiomatic expressions, the subject and be are normally omitted:

If necessary, you can call Jake at home.
I’d like a seat by the window if possible.

IF SO, IF NOT

If so and if not can stand for an if-clause which is understood from the context:

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«According to the weather forecast, it might rain tomorrow.» «If so, we’ll go hiking another day.»
I hope Peter gets here soon. If not, we’ll have to start without him.

IN CASE and IF

An in case-clause gives a reason while an if-clause describes a condition:

I’ll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry. (I’ll buy a sandwich because I may get hungry later.)I’ll buy a sandwich if I get hungry. (I’ll buy a sandwich when I get hungry.)

We can use should after in case:

Take an umbrella in case it should rain.

Before we deal with mixed condfditionals let’s first do a quick review of the regular conditionals

FIRST CONDITIONAL: We use sentences in the first conditional to talk about things that might happen in the future or right now and their consequences.

Such sentences are formed by using one of the present tenses with the clause that begins with ‘if’ and any future tense or modal verb.

SECOND CONDITIONAL: To talk about unlikely or hypothetical situations in the present or future we use the second conditional

To form this tense we use the simple or continuous in the past tense and then ‘could’ ‘would’ ‘might’ + the infitive in the remaining clause.

THIRD CONDITIONAL: In advanced English grammar, you use the third conditional to talk about a hypothetical situation in the past.

To use this tense you need the past perfect in simple or continuous form while in the ‘if’ clause we use ‘would have’ ‘could have’ ‘might have’ then a past participle.

IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS, BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc

Mixed conditionals are used when we want to refer to both the present and the past.

They are mixed because as you can see in the explanations above –  the first, second and third conditionals have very specific time uses. Therefore, if you want to combine the past and present you need a mixed conditional.

Phrases and vocabulary that substiutue or modify conditionals.

Inverting ‘had’ + subject in third conditional

You can change the position of ‘had’ and the subject and still say the same thing.

Supposing / suppose

Supposing / suppose is usually used at the start of a sentence and conveys the conditional.

When you use ‘even’ you basically add more emphasis to what you were saying.

‘Whether’ can be used in conjunction with subject + verb + or not to convey the sense that something is a fact in both cases. You can also use ‘whether or not’

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Условные предложения в английском языке

Условные предложения включают придаточные условия (предположение с союзом if) и основные подпредложения (результат). Они бывают 4-х типов. В начале предложений if-придаточные выделяются запятой.

If the weather is good tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach – Будь завтра хорошая погода, мы пойдём на пляж

IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS, BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc

Реальное настоящее

Настоящее условное выражает обыденность и аксиомы, где if равнозначен when/whenever.

it , roads slippery and dangerous – Если дождит, то дороги становятся скользкими и опасными

Реальное будущее

Будущее условное выражает настояще-будущую вероятность и реальность.

we hard, we the project on time – Если поднажмём, то закончим проект вовремя

I the money, I a new car – Если выиграю деньги, куплю новую машину

Нереальное настоящее

Нереально-настоящее условное выражает настоящую нереальность (маловероятное настояще-будущее предположение) и совет. Здесь was заменяем на were, обязательный  после I.

I to work such long hours, I so tired – Не приходись мне столько работать, я бы не так уставал

I Brad Pitt, I him for his autograph – Встреть я Брэда Пита, попросил бы у него автограф

Andrew taller, he a basketball player – Будь Эндрю повыше, стал бы баскетболистом

I you, I on my own – На твоём месте я бы не путешествовал один

Нереальное прошлое

Нереально-прошедшее условное выражает прошедшую нереальность (маловероятное прошедшее предположение) и сожаление или критику.

I more careful, I wouldn’t have made such a big mistake – Будь я тогда внимательнее, не напортачил бы

she down the stairs, she wouldn’t have broken her arm – Не упади она тогда с лестницы, не ходила бы со сломанной рукой

Условные выражения

you help me, I won’t finish on time – Если не выручишь, я не закончу к сроку

I’ll water the plants I have time this afternoon – Я полью растения, будь у меня время днём

As long as you promise to be back by midnight, you can go to the party – Можешь идти на вечеринку, если обещаешь вернуться к полуночи

He agreed to work Saturdays that he was paid overtime – Он согласился работать по субботам при условии оплаты сверхурочных

he needs it? – А вдруг она ему понадобится?

you were fired, what would you do? – Вот уволят тебя, что будешь делать?

you had been invited, would you have gone? – Допустим, пригласили бы тебя тогда – пошёл бы?

we’ll miss our flight – Иначе пропустим рейс

your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems – Если бы не твой совет, я бы тогда не решил свои проблемы

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Don’t do that again I’ll punish you – Не смей повторять или накажу

I wouldn’t go to the party they invited me – Я бы не пошёл на их вечеринку даже по приглашению

In case of a fire, sound the alarm – В случае пожара включите тревогу

Вежливое условное

Условные содержат will/would для вежливых просьб, выражения настойчивости/неопределённости и should для выражения маловероятности. Здесь if равнозначен whether, обычно в выражениях типа I don’t know / doubt / wonder.

you a minute, Mr Carrington will be able to see you – Если Вас не затруднит подождать минуточку, мистер Кэррингтон сможет Вас принять

you will go on making so much noise, I’ll send you out – А будете продолжать шуметь, выгоню вон

I wonder he me tomorrow – Интересно, позвонит он мне завтра?

Paul should turn up, tell him to wait for me – Если Пол вдруг объявится, скажите мне подождать меня

Обратное условное

Можно опускать if дл инверсии в формальных будущих и нереальных условных.

fail to be reelected, it would be a great disappointment to him.

Смешанные условные

Можно смешивать условные предложения по контексту путём сочетания if-придаточных первого типа с основными подпредложениями другого.

If she back late last night, she to work today – Если бы вчера она заявилась поздно, то сегодня ей было бы не до работы

If you more sensible, you wouldn’t have spoken to you boss like that – Будь ты поразумней, то не нагрубил бы начальнику

If she the bus, she here now – Не опоздай она тогда на автобус, сейчас была бы уже здесь

IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS, BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc

A zealous church member in a Kentucky village made an earnest effort to convert a particularly vicious old mountaineer named Jim, who was locally notorious for his godlessness. But the old man was hard-headed and stubborn, firmly rooted in his evil courses, so that he resisted the pious efforts in his behalf.

«Jim,» the exhorter questioned sadly at last, «ain’t you teched by the story of the Lord what died to save yer soul?»

«Humph!» Jim retorted contemptuously. «Air ye aimin’ to tell me the Lord died to save me, when He ain’t never seed me, ner knowed me?»

«Jim,» the missionary explained with fervor, «it was a darn sight easier for the Lord to die fer ye jest because He never seed ye than if He knowed ye as well as we-alls do!»

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