Declarative Sentence

What is a declarative sentence?

The declarative sentence is one of the four sentence functions being used in English language. These are simply statements that give information. This is the most common sentence type .We can say that it is omnipresent.

A declarative sentence is also called a statement because it makes statements about the present, past and future of a case. A declarative sentence has one more name too, namely, Assertive sentence.

A declarative sentence starts with a capital letter and ends in a period. (.) A declarative sentence can be a simple sentence, a complex sentence, compound sentence or compound complex sentence.

Form/clause patterns in statements.

The English language has seven basic clause/ sentence patterns.

*S — subject V — verb O — object C — complement A — adverbial

A declarative can be formed in any tense as long as it is a statement.

The basic use of a declarative sentence is to give information. In addition to this, this type of sentence has several other uses. It can be used for expressing approval, thanking, asking for information and even for giving order.

Though giving order is the duty of an imperative sentence, an order can be given through declarative sentence as illustrated above. (See the highlighted sentence above).We can distinguish such assertive sentence from an imperative sentence by looking at the subject. In the above sentence, the subject is “I”. In the imperative sentence the subject is always an understood “you”. If the order is to be given in Imperative sentence, it will be as given below.

“Try harder and get the work done in time.”

Similarly, in place of the interrogative sentence, “What are your plans?” we can use the statement, “I want to know about your plans.”

Performative verbs such as accept, admit, advise, agree, apologise, blame, confess, congratulate, declare, demand, deny, disagree, forbid, forgive, guarantee, insist, object, order, predict, promise, propose, protest, recommend, refuse, request, suggest, thank, and warn are used in Declarative sentences to show the action it performs. 2Present simple tense are used for this purpose.

Performative verbs are fairly emphatic. In order to make the statements, in which the performative verbs are used, less direct and more polite, we can take the help of model verbs or similar expressions such as, must admit, would advise, would agree, must apologise, must confess, must disagree, can guarantee, have to inform you, must insist, must object, can promise, must protest, would suggest, and must warn.

Positive (Affirmative statement) and Negative statements

Both positive statement and negative statements are declarative sentences.

Positive statements

Positive statement is also called affirmative sentences or affirmative statement. An affirmative statement is any sentence or declaration that affirms something to be true.

All the above sentences are affirmative sentences.

Negative statements too are Declarative sentences that impart information. They correct a mistaken idea by expressing something is not so.

We are able to form negative sentences with the help of negative words, such as not, none , no, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, nowhere, never, etc and auxiliary verbs.

Auxiliary verbs or helping verbs are verbs that are used to form negative sentences, tenses, moods and voices of other verbs. Most commonly used auxiliary verbs are:

Forming negative sentences using “not” and auxiliary verbs

In the most basic form of negative sentence, we use” not”, after the auxiliary verb. “Not” is often contracted to “n’t “. The negative sentences, using such contraction, are used while talking informally. Here are the contracted forms of the above verbs, when combined with “not”.

To be: isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t. “Am” is not contracted.

To have: hasn’t, haven’t, hadn’t.

To do: doesn’t, don’t, didn’t

Examples of negative sentences using “not” and auxiliary verbs:

Negative sentences using negative words other than “not”

Though “not” is the generally used negative word to form negative sentences, as already mentioned before, there are several other words which can be used for the same purpose. Some examples are given below.

Emphatic negative sentences

1. Negative sentences can be made emphatic by stressing “not”. In case the contracted form is used, we should stress auxiliary.

2. Another method we can use to emphasis negative sentences is by using the phrases like at all, by any means, the least, far from, or words like absolutely, awfully, indeed, ever, etc.

3. By using adverbials with negative meaning (such as, at no time, under no circumstances, no way, never in my life, etc)

It may be noted that the phrases (written in bold) are placed in the front position and there is inversion of subject and the auxiliary verb.

What is a sentence?

Communication does not happen on its own. It takes a lot of learning and information to be able to communicate with another human being. One piece of that work is to learn about the different types of sentences the English language uses to make communication clear and informative. Using the right sentence with the right sentence structure is the key to great communication.

Before dealing with the types of sentences, let us examine a sentence. A sentence is a set of grammatically arranged words that conveys complete sense.

A sentence consists of a subject and predicate. A new sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with an appropriate punctuation mark.

In our daily life while speaking, reading, and writing, we come across thousands of sentences. Based on their structure and the function they perform; all these sentences can be classified to different categories. In this article we are going to look at the different types of English sentences.

What are the types of sentences?

By default, types of sentences are classified based on function. Sentences can be classified based on structure as well. This article covers 8 different types of sentences classified based on function and structure.

[A] Types of Sentences based on Function

Based on function, there are four sentence types in the English language. They are:

Each sentence type has its own purpose and use. They do not cross over or impose their way on the other sentence’s purpose

Importance of punctuation in types of sentences:

Before going into the details of the types of sentences, we should stop for a minute to say about the importance of punctuation.

When you write the different sentence types, you should make sure to use the right punctuation. A question mark goes with the interrogative sentence, a period with the declarative sentence and an exclamation mark with exclamatory sentence. The imperative sentence generally uses a period, but when a strong feeling is to be expressed, it can use an exclamation mark.

Now let us study the four types of sentence functions in detail, one by one.

What is a declarative sentence?

A Declarative sentence is a type of sentence that expresses an opinion or simply makes a statement. In other words, it makes a declaration.

The declarative sentence uses all tenses. They handle past, present, and future very easily.

Types of declarative sentences.

Declarative sentences can be two types as indicated below:

Positive sentence

When the Declarative sentences have a positive meaning, they are called positive sentences or affirmative sentences. A positive sentence has no negative words.

A positive sentence or affirmative sentence tells us that something is so. A sentence that tells that something is not so, is called a negative sentence.

More Examples of positive (PS) and negative (NS) sentences:

Changing positive sentence to negative sentence

A positive sentence has no negative words. It can be made negative using Auxiliary verbs and negative words such as not, none, nobody, and isn’t.

Changing positive sentence to negative sentence with change in meaning

It is quite easy to change a positive sentence to negative with change in meaning. You have just to add suitable negative words, such as not, none, nobody, or isn’t, taking the help of proper auxiliary verbs.

Changing positive sentence to negative sentence without change in meaning

Two methods are given below. We can use one of them suitable to the context.

Method 1. Using antonyms

Method 2. Using degree of comparison

Interrogative sentence

What is an interrogative sentence?

An interrogative sentence is a type of sentence that asks question. It usually begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do and ends with a question mark.

Types of Interrogative sentence

There are four types of interrogative sentences. They are:

Yes/No Interrogatives

Questions which require a “yes” or “no” answer, are called Yes/No Interrogatives.

The answer to each of the above question will be either a “yes” or “no”

How to form Yes/No Interrogatives

Yes/No Interrogatives are formed with the help of auxiliary verbs. The typical form of such question is:

Auxiliary verb (be, do or have) + subject + main verb or

modal verb + subject + main verb

The auxiliary verbs are inverted with the subject (subject – verb inversion)

When there is more than one auxiliary verb or model verb in the sentence, only one auxiliary verb or model should be put before the subject.

Alternative Interrogatives

Alternative Interrogatives are questions that give a choice among two or more answers. Therefore, these questions are also called choice questions.

How to form Alternative Interrogatives

Alternative Interrogatives are also formed with the help of auxiliary verbs. The form of such a question is:

Modal verb + subject + main verb.

The auxiliary verbs are inverted with the subject (subject-verb inversion)

In the alternative question to be formed, if the main verb is “be”, additional auxiliary verb need not be used.

Wh- Interrogatives

Wh- Interrogatives are questions asked using one of the question words, who, what, where, when, why, and how. Auxiliary verbs also must be used in these types of questions.

When you use the ‘wh’ and ‘how’ question words, the questions demand full sentence answers.

Q. Where are you going?

Ans. I am going to the mall.

Q. How are you doing?

Ans. ‘I am doing great.’

Q. Why did you do that?

Ans: ‘Because I wanted to.’

Although in the above examples, the answers are given in single sentences, depending upon the situation, the answer may require long explanation.

Tag questions

Tag questions are questions formed by attaching question tags onto the end of a declarative sentence. The tags are usually made using an auxiliary verb inverted with subject. These question tags change the declarative sentences to interrogative sentences.

Sometimes a declarative sentence can be used as interrogative sentence by putting a question mark at the end of the sentence. When you ask questions like this orally, the last syllable of the sentence should be given proper intonation to make the listener understand that a question is being asked to him.

Indirect questions/Embedded questions

Indirect questions are questions embedded in a statement.

A question, “Where are you staying?”, is embedded in the given statement. But it should be clearly understood that an interrogative sentence always asks direct questions. Indirect questions/ embedded questions do not come under the category of “Interrogative sentences”.

Exclamatory sentence

What is an Exclamatory sentence?

An Exclamatory sentence is a type of sentence that expresses strong emotion. In listening, it is not hard to identify an exclamation sentence. The tone of the person’s voice will convey that information. But in writing, to make an exclamatory sentence you need to use the exclamation mark. Here are a few examples of exclamation sentences:

There are different methods of expressing or writing exclamatory sentences. We must choose one suitable for the occasion. Some examples of the common categories are given hereunder:

Exclamatory sentences expressing strong emotion

Exclamatory sentences those begin with “What”:

Exclamatory sentences those begin with “How”:

Exclamatory sentences containing “such”:

Exclamatory sentences containing “so”:

It is to be remembered that exclamatory sentences express strong emotion and should be used carefully. They are not to be used to write reports or academic purposes.

Imperative sentence

What is an Imperative sentence?

An Imperative sentence is one of the types of sentences which is used to issue a command, instruction, make a request, or offer advice. Basically, they tell people what to do. These sentences also provide direction to whoever is being addressed and therefore, they are sometimes called directives too.

Imperative sentences usually end with a period but can occasionally end with an exclamation point.

Given below, are some examples of imperative sentences which illustrate their function.

The imperative sentences typically begin with verbs that issue a command. Normally the subject of an imperative sentence is implied. The subject is the person to whom the command is directed towards. To be specific, the subject is “you”. It is understood here. That makes the imperative sentences second person sentences.

[B] Types of Sentences based on Structure

In English language, based on the structure, there are four types of sentences. They are:

Information about clauses that you should know

Before delving into the details of sentence structures, let us learn some basic facts about clauses because all sentences consist of clauses. Some sentences consist of only one clause (simple sentence) whereas some sentences may contain several clauses (complex, compound, or complex- compound sentences). A clause should have a subject and predicate of its own and should express a thought. There are two types of clauses, namely,

Independent clause or main clause

An Independent clause is a clause that has a subject and a predicate of its own and makes good sense by itself. In other words, it can be said that an Independent clause can stand by itself as a sentence. Therefore, it is called an Independent clause. It is also called main clause, principal clause, and co- ordinate clause.

Dependent clause or subordinate clause

A Dependent clause, also called a subordinate clause, is a clause that is a part of a sentence. It cannot stand on its own and make complete sense. It must depend on the main clause to have complete sense. For this reason, it is called a dependent clause.

As a basic example, a sentence which shows an Independent clause, and a Dependent clause is given hereunder.

In the above sentence,” They went home” is the independent clause because it has got a subject (They) and a predicate (went home), and it expresses a complete idea. It can stand as a sentence by itself. On the other hand, the clause, ” when the night came.” cannot stand on its own and make complete sense. It is dependent on the main clause, “They went home”. So “when the night came“ is a dependent clause.

Now let us study the sentence structures one by one.

The simple sentence

It must have a subject and a verb.

It must express a complete thought.

It can only have one clause.

That is simple and straightforward.  Here are a few examples of a simple sentence:

These are quite simple and quite easy sentences to create and use.

The compound sentence

Compound sentences contain at least two independent clauses that have related ideas. These clauses are joined using a coordinating conjunction, a correlative conjunction, semicolon, or a conjunctive adverb

Here are a few examples of compound sentences:

How to form compound sentences?

We can combine two simple sentences only if they are related. You cannot pick two completely different simple sentences, link them together, and claim you have made a compound sentence. What you made was an English mess. For example, let us take the two simple sentences given below.

The above two sentences have no relation to each other. Therefore, they cannot be combined.

Above sentences have relation with each other. They can be combined to form a compound sentence as shown below:

Forming Compound sentences using a coordinating conjunction

We know that there are seven coordinating conjunctions in English language, and they are: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So (Acronym: FANBOYS).

When we join two independent clauses with a coordinate conjunction to form a compound sentence, we must choose the most suitable one for the context.

Punctuation rule: The coordinate conjunction must be preceded by a comma.

If the independent sentences to be joined are short and closely related either a comma or a coordinating conjunction are sufficient for joining the same.

Forming Compound sentences using a correlative conjunction

We know that correlative conjunctions are paired conjunctions, that are always used together. Some of the most common correlative conjunctions are:

We can join two independent clauses using a pair of correlative conjunctions. But while choosing a correlative conjunction to form a compound sentence, care must be taken to select the most suitable conjunction capable of expressing the relationship between the two independent clauses.

Punctuation rule: A comma must come before the conjunction that introduces the second independent clause.

Forming Compound sentences using semicolon

If the two independent sentences to be joined are closely related, we can join them only with a semicolon.

Forming Compound sentences using conjunctive adverb

We know that conjunctive adverbs are adverbs used as conjunction to join two independent clauses. Thus, using conjunctive adverbs too, we can form compound sentences. There are a lot of conjunctive adverbs in English language. When we choose a conjunctive adverb to join two independent clauses, care must be given to select one that is most suited to the relationship of the two clauses.

Punctuation rule: A semicolon precedes conjunctive adverb and a comma after it.

The complex sentence

The complex sentence is a sentence that consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, introduced, and joined with the linking word, called subordinating conjunctions. There are a lot of subordinate conjunctions in English language. Some of the commonly used subordinate conjunctions are: as, as if, before, after, because, though, even though, while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as, since, until, unless, where, and wherever

In the above complex sentences, the dependent clauses are highlighted. A subordinate conjunction introduces and links each of the dependent clauses to the independent clause. The dependent clause may be an adverb clause, a noun clause, or a relative clause.

Notice that the independent clause does not have to be the first clause in the sentence. When the dependent clause is placed first, we generally put a comma after it. But in case the independent clause comes first no comma is usually needed.

He will pass the test if he studies well.

The compound-complex sentence

To make a compound-complex sentence, you need at least two independent clauses, a conjunction, and one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clauses).

To make it simple, you are combining two sentence types together. That is, a complex and compound sentence are combined to form a compound-complex sentence. Some examples will help you:

We did not win the game – Independent clause

we were not unhappy – Independent clause

but – Coordinating conjunction

(because we, the beginners, had faced the veterans confidently). – Dependent clause

because – Subordinating conjunction

In the above example, there are two Independent clauses combined with the coordinating conjunction” but”, and one dependent clause connected to the independent clause with the subordinating conjunction, “because”

The flower girl was crying – Independent clause

she became happy – Independent clause

(because she could not sell her flowers till evening) – Dependent clause

(when the gentleman bought the entire flower basket) – Dependent clause

when, because – Subordinating conjunctions

In the above example, there are two complex sentences (each consisting of one independent clause and one dependent clause), combined with the coordinating conjunction” but”. The dependent clause of the first complex sentence is connected to the independent clause with the subordinating conjunction,” because” and the second complex sentence is connected to the independent clause with the subordinating conjunction, “when”.

She loved me for the dangers – Independent clause

I loved her – Independent clause

(that I had faced to marry her) – Dependent clause

because she loved me – Dependent clause

and – Coordinating conjunction

that, because – Subordinating conjunctions

Above example also has two complex sentences connected with the coordinating conjunction, “and”.

As a compound-complex sentence is a combination of complex and compound sentences, so all the rules relevant to both complex sentences and compound sentences are to be observed while forming compound-complex sentences too.

Some Final Thoughts

Английский язык имеет богатую историю, он прошел долгий, непростой путь формирования. На структуру языка влияли внешние факторы (слияние языков древних кельтов, большое количество заимствованных слов) и внутренние (упрощение грамматических конструкций, фонетические изменения слов).

Сейчас сложно встретить человека, который не знал бы английского. На изучение лексики и грамматики уходят месяцы и годы, а на самом деле, чтобы разговаривать достаточно знать основные, базовые правила, остальное — практика.

Аналитические языки, а английский относится именно к этой группе, имеют четкую структуру предложений с определенным интонационным рисунком, делением на типы. Это значит, что существует определенный набор схем, освоив которые, можно без труда общаться, понимать, верно отвечать.

В английском языке выделяют несколько типов предложений, применяя различные критерии:

Типы предложений по цели высказывания

По данному критерию выделяют следующие типы предложений, характерных для английского языка:

Разберем построение и функции повествовательных предложений (Declarativesentences).

В предложениях данного типа содержится заявление, оно является положительным или отрицательным в зависимости от намерения говорящего, цели высказывания.

Основная функция общения состоит в получении и сообщении актуальной информации, именно эту функцию берут на себя предложения данного типа. В английском языке они имеют четкую структуру.

В самом начале предложения ставится подлежащее, за которым следует сказуемое, оно может быть положительным или иметь в составе отрицание, частицу “not”:

Вопросительные предложения выполняют в диалоге несколько различных ключевых функций. С их помощью можно запросить недостающую информацию, уточнить некоторые детали, выразить отношение к высказыванию собеседника, к ситуации в целом.

В английском языке существует несколько типов вопросов, соответственно, каждый тип призван выполнять свою функцию, имеет уникальную структуру:

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Побудительные предложения (Imperative Sentences) не содержат в себе сообщения, непосредственно новой информации. С помощью таких типов языковых моделей говорящий настраивает своего собеседника на действие или просит не совершать такового.

В зависимости от интонационной окраски, статуса собеседника побуждение может прозвучать как приказ или просьба.

Схема построения таких предложений в английском языке варьируется в зависимости от того, для кого предназначено побуждение к действию:

Восклицательные предложения (Exclamatory Sentences) по своей функции и структуре отличаются от всех вышеперечисленных не только в английском, но и в других языках. Они несут эмоциональный заряд, передают настроение и оценку происходящему. С их помощью собеседник может выразить раздражение, гнев, радость, восхищение и другие эмоции.

Хотя в английском начинаются они с (какой, какая), но порядок слов имеют прямой с определенными отличиями от повествовательных предложений. What/how (какой, какая) в предложениях этого типа – эмоционально-окрашенные слова, а не вопросительные.

После употребляется существительное, если оно исчисляемое и в единственном числе, то обязательно с неопределенным артиклем:

Если существительное абстрактное или употреблено во множественном числе, то идет без артикля, так как определенный артикль в данную конструкцию не входит:

Типы предложений по структуре

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Английский язык по своей природе четкий и лаконичный, поэтому простые предложения (Simple sentences) составляют определенную основу. Сложные громоздкие конструкции с русского на английский передаются простыми предложениями.

В предложениях данного типа обязательно присутствует подлежащее и сказуемое, они связаны между собой грамматически, по смыслу, составляют ядро конструкции. Английское сказуемое согласовано с подлежащим. Даже если в предложении присутствуют несколько сказуемых разных типов, которые относятся к одному подлежащему, такое предложение считается простым.

Сложные предложения в английском языке, как и в русском делятся на несколько подтипов:

Английские сложносочиненные предложения (Compound Sentence) состоят из двух равноценных частей, которые соединены союзами (and, or, but, nor, so). Каждая часть имеет подлежащее и сказуемое.

Из примеров видно, что сложносочиненные предложения делают английскую речь богаче, разнообразнее, показывают ход событий, расширяют сообщение.

В сложноподчиненных предложениях (Complex Sentence) обычно присутствуют две составляющие: главная и зависимая. В главной части содержится основная информация о предмете, явлении, человеке, в зависимой – детали, подтверждение, объяснение, ход событий.

В английском языке начинаться такое предложение может как с главной части, так и с зависимой, порядок слов в обеих частях предложения строго соблюдается. Соединяются части сложноподчиненных предложений с помощью английских союзов: when, if, though, while, because, before, even if, whatever.

В сложноподчиненном предложении может быть две и более зависимых частей. Выделяют различные типы придаточных в зависимости от того, что они выражают и с помощью какого союза присоединяются к главному предложению: придаточные времени, причины, следствия и другие.

Смешанный тип (Compound-Complex Sentence) представляет наибольшую сложность. Такие предложения состоят, как минимум из трех частей (двух равноправных и одной зависимой). Предложения такого типа характерны для научного и публицистического стилей, где необходимо объяснять сложные процессы.

Иногда в английском языке они встречаются и в разговорной речи, когда разъясняется последовательность явлений или событий:

Части данного типа предложения могут идти совершенно в любом порядке, все зависит от идеи, которую необходимо донести до слушателя. Все правила, актуальные для сложных английских предложений работают и здесь: прямой порядок слов, подлежащее и сказуемое согласованы между собой, союзы соединяют части предложения.

Типы предложений по качеству подлежащего

В данной типологии все просто, она полностью совпадает с привычной нам в родном языке. Предложения бывают следующих типов: личные, неопределенно-личные и безличные.

Если в предложении присутствует действующее лицо, такое предложение называется личным.

В английском языке на первое место ставится подлежащее, за ним – сказуемое в соответствующей временной форме, далее идут остальные члены предложения:

В английском предложении должно быть подлежащее, поэтому, когда деятель не определен, или он является собирательным образом, на месте подлежащего стоит they/one и такое предложение называется неопределенно-личным.

На английском пример выглядит так:

Данный тип предложений предполагает обобщение, главное действующее лицо не определено, но присутствует и совершает действие, о котором говорится в предложении.

Еще один способ выражения подлежащего в английском языке – формальное Такие предложения называются безличными.

Формальным оно является в том случае, если при переводе с английского на русский мы его опускаем:

Обычно с помощью такого типа грамматической конструкции описывают природные явления и погоду:

Также к данному типу можно отнести некоторые устойчивые выражения и эмоциональные реплики в английской разговорной речи:

Не нужно путать формальное it с другими вариантами употребления данного местоимения.

https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/o-dEzg_OHos?wmode=transparent&rel=0&feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0

Все английские условные предложения состоят из двух частей: главной и придаточной с союзом if. Все предложения такого типа выражают условие, при котором произойдет или не произойдёт событие.

Условные предложения нулевого типа (Zero Conditional) содержат условие, которое верно при любых обстоятельствах, законы природы, научные истины, привычки, явные закономерности:

Условные предложения нулевого типа в английском языке имеют следующую схему: подлежащее + сказуемое в настоящем времени (Present Simple) + if + подлежащее + сказуемое в настоящем времени (Present Simple). Обе части могут быть как утвердительными, так и отрицательными, или же отрицательной может быть только одна из частей: If I’m tired I don’t go to the gym. — Если я устал, я не иду в спортзал.

Условные предложения первого типа (First Conditional) относятся к настоящему или будущему. Выражают вполне реальное условие и возможный результат при выполнении данного условия.

В английском языке имеют следующую структуру: подлежащее + сказуемое в будущем времени (Future Simple) + if + подлежащее + сказуемое в настоящем времени (Present Simple).

В конструкциях такого типа можно переставить предложения, поменяв их местами, начать с условия, но в таком случае необходимо разделить части предложения запятой:

Условные предложения второго типа (Second Conditional) также относятся к будущему или настоящему, но условие не совсем выполнимо.

С английского на русский язык такие предложения можно перевести с использованием частицы «бы»:

Для составления нужно на первое место поставить подлежащее, за ним сказуемое (would + инфинитив), if, подлежащее и сказуемое в простом прошедшем времени (Past Simple). If I lost my keys, I would ask you to give me yours. — Если бы я потерял ключи, то я попросил бы тебя отдать мне свои.

Чтобы строить предложение на английском языке об упущенных возможностях и разрушенных планах можно с помощью условных предложений третьего типа (Third Conditional). Для перевода на русский язык, как и в условных предложениях второго типа, используется частица «бы».

В предложениях данного типа условие и само событие относятся к прошлому. Независимо от того свершилось действие или нет, изменить уже ничего нельзя. Именно поэтому схема выглядит следующим образом: главное предложение включает в себя подлежащее, сказуемое (would have + глагол в третьей форме), if, подлежащее и сказуемое в прошедшем завершенном времени (Past Perfect).

В статье представлены основные типы синтаксических структур английского языка, их схемы составления и варианты применения. В английском, как и в других аналитических языках, грамматика и тема построения грамматических конструкций является центральным моментом, так как от правильно выбранного грамматического оформления зависит смыл всей фразы, а значит то, как ее воспримет собеседник.

Для того, чтобы грамотно разговаривать на английском необходимо усвоить эти модели, наполнять их новым лексическим материалом, обогащая свою речь, делая высказывания более естественными и понятными. Усвоив основу, можно без труда самостоятельно расширять и углублять свои знания.

There are four types of sentences in the English language, and all of them accomplish different things.

If you want to be a successful writer, you’ll need to understand how to use each one. The most common of the four is called a declarative sentence.

So what is a declarative sentence? The short answer is that a declarative sentence is a sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period.

This article will explain what a declarative sentence is and provide you with examples from literature.

A sentence is declarative if it ends in a period and expresses a fact or opinion.

Declarative sentences are aptly named because their purpose is to declare something. Every declarative sentence passes on some kind of information.

Here are some examples of declarative sentences:

What Are the Differences Between Declarative Sentences, Interrogative Sentences, Exclamatory Sentences, and Imperative Sentences?

Declarative sentences are one of four types of sentences.

The other three types of sentences are interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentences.

Interrogative sentences ask a question and end with a question mark.

Examples of interrogative sentences:

Exclamatory sentences express a strong emotion—surprise, joy, anger, for example—and end with exclamation points.

Examples of exclamatory sentences:

Imperative sentences give a command, and end with either a period or an exclamation point.

Examples of imperative sentences:

If a sentence asks a question, expresses a powerful emotion, or gives a command, you know it’s not a declarative sentence.

What Are Examples of Declarative Sentences in Literature?

Let’s take a look at some declarative sentence examples from successful books.

Notice how every sentence below ends in a period and states some kind of fact or opinion. They’re on all types of subjects, but they all declare something.

“I know it started being over with Joel when I’d open a bottle of wine and he wouldn’t drink it. Sharing things is how things get started, and not sharing things is how they end.”—Goodbye, Vitamin by Rachel Khong

“Having faith in God did not mean sitting back and doing nothing. It meant believing that you would find success if you did your best honestly and energetically.”—The Pillars of the Earth by Ken Follett

“Truth matters. Truth has always been the thing I’m after, the most important thing. But sometimes, to get to the truth, detours through fiction are necessary.”—Magic for Liars by Sarah Gailey

“The house was very still. Far off there was a sound which might have been beating surf or cars zooming along a highway, or wind in pine trees. It was the sea, of course, breaking far down below. I sat there and listened to it and thought long, careful thoughts.”—Farewell, My Lovely by Raymond Chandler

“The woman’s name is Essun. She is forty-two years old. She’s like most women of the midlats: tall when she stands, straight-backed and long-necked, with hips that easily bore two children and breasts that easily fed them, and broad, limber hands.”—The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin

“With me as the glaring exception, my father molded the world around him to his liking. The problem, of course, was that Baba saw the world in black and white. And he got to decide what was black and what was white. You can’t love a person who lives that way without fearing him too.”—The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

“Time was simple, is simple. We can divide it into simple parts, measure it, arrange dinner by it, drink whisky to its passage. We can mathematically deploy it, use it to express ideas about the observable universe, and yet if asked to explain it in simple language to a child—in simple language which is not deceit, of course—we are powerless. The most it ever seems we know how to do with time is to waste it.”—The First Fifteen Lives of Harry August by Catherine Webb

“Perhaps, as we say in America, I wanted to find myself. This is an interesting phrase, not current as far as I know in the language of any other people, which certainly does not mean what it says but betrays a nagging suspicion that something has been misplaced. I think now that if I had had any intimation that the self I was going to find would turn out to be only the same self from which I had spent so much time in flight, I would have stayed at home.”—Giovanni’s Room by James Baldwin

“There is an unprecedented gathering of illusionists in the lobby of the theater. A gaggle of pristine suits and strategically placed silk handkerchiefs. Some have trunks and capes, others carry birdcages or silver-topped canes. They do not speak to each other as they wait to be called in, one at a time, referenced not by name (given or stage) but by a number written on a small slip of paper given to them upon arrival.”—The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern

How Do You Construct a Simple Declarative Sentence?

The subject and the verb are the two crucial components. The rest are optional.

Here are some declarative sentences with just a subject and verb:

You can add an object.

After that, you can add a place.

And finally, you can add a time as well.

How Do You Use a Declarative Sentence to Ask a Question?

Not all sentences that ask questions have to be interrogative sentences.

Sometimes, you can use a declarative sentence to ask a question indirectly.

Take this sentence, for example: “I wonder if my friend will pick me up after work.”

In this case, the sentence includes a question, but it’s an indirect question, because it’s framed within a declarative sentence.

That’s why it still needs to end with a period, not a question mark.

The interrogative version of the question above would be: “Will my friend pick me up after work?” Because this is an interrogative sentence, the “will” comes before “my friend.”

ProWritingAid’s Realtime Grammar checker can help you determine the difference between declarative sentences and interrogative sentences by suggesting punctuation changes if necessary.

As you can see in the example, this is an interrogative sentence and therefore requires a question mark to make sense.

You can look at the word order to figure out whether the sentence is a declarative or interrogative one. The subject and verb usually get inverted for interrogative sentences.

Final Words

Now you know how to identify and construct declarative sentences.

Was this article helpful? Let us know in the comments.

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When it comes to writing and speaking in English, you will come across different types of sentences. Declarative sentences are among the most common. In this reference, we will be discussing what declarative sentences are, their characteristics, different types of declarative sentences, and how to identify them. Let’s dive right in!

A declarative sentence is a kind of sentence that makes a statement or declaration. It is used to convey information, facts, opinions, or ideas. It ends with a period and is the most common type of sentence used in the English language.

Characteristics of Declarative Sentences

Declarative sentences have some specific characteristics that differentiate them from other types of sentences. They include:

A declarative sentence must have a subject and a verb, and they must agree in number. For instance, in the sentence «John eats apples,» John is the subject, and eats is the verb.

A declarative sentence can be positive or negative. For example, «The sun is shining» is a positive declarative sentence, while «I am not hungry» is a negative declarative sentence.

Declarative sentences always makes a statement or declaration. It is used to provide information or express an opinion.

Declarative sentences always end with a period. This indicates that the sentence has come to an end and that it is a complete thought.

Declarative sentences can be classified into three types: simple, compound, and complex.

A simple declarative sentence is a sentence that consists of a single independent clause. It contains one subject and one verb. For example, «The dog barks loudly.»

A compound declarative sentence is a sentence that consists of two or more clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction. For example, «It was raining, but we still went for a walk.»

A complex declarative sentence includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. For example, «Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.»

How to Identify Declarative Sentences

To identify declarative sentences, you need to look for a few key characteristics.

Here’s an example: «I went to the store and bought some milk.» This sentence has a subject (I) and a verb (went, bought), makes a statement, and ends with a period. Therefore, it is a declarative sentence.

Difference Between Declarative and Other Types of Sentences

Declarative sentences differ from other kinds of sentences like interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.

Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions. They end with a question mark. For example, «What time is it?»

Imperative sentences help give commands or make requests. They can end with a period or an exclamation mark. For example, «Please turn off the lights.»

Exclamatory sentences help express strong emotions or feelings. They end with an exclamation mark. For example, «What a beautiful day!»

Declarative sentences are one of the most common types of sentences used in the English language. They make a statement or declaration and end with a period. They can be simple, compound, or complex. To identify a declarative sentence, look for a subject, a verb, and a statement. After a bit of practice, you’ll become great at identifying these kinds of sentences in English!

The English language includes four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. This discussion will focus on declarative sentences.

Where the other sentence types present questions (interrogative), exclamations (exclamatory), or commands (imperative), declarative sentences convey information as facts, thoughts, or opinions—i.e., they “declare” something.

Note the differences among the sentence forms:

Interrogative: Do you run?

Exclamatory: You are running!

Declarative: You run.

As you can see, if a sentence asks a question, imparts a strong expression or emotion, or issues a command, it is not declarative.

Declarative sentences are the most common sentence form in English. They likely make up the majority of what you write each day.